Julianne Malveaux

The Dictionary defines warrior as “a person who fights in battle and is known for having courage and skill.”

In “Roots,” reimagined Kizzy Kinte tells her dad, “Reading is my way of being a warrior, my way of feeling free inside.” Teaching enslaved people to read and write was illegal in most Southern states, so reading was an act of resistance, an act of rebellion, a warrior act that could get you sold or worse. Reading material described as “subversive,” such as David Walker’s “Appeal,” could get you killed.

While enslaved people deeply desired knowledge and risked their lives to learn to read, an ugly saying emerged about African-Americans and literacy: “If you want to hide something from black people, put it in a book.”

I think the saying has less to do with black folk and reading, and more to do with white people’s wishful thinking. Still, the achievement gap suggests that we need more African- American people to become literacy warriors.

The education system is replete with racial disparity and unfairness. African-Americans, 18 percent of the pre-kindergarten population, garner 48 percent of the suspensions, and are three times as likely as white students to get expelled. Black girls are the most likely to experience expulsions. African-American students are also three times as likely to repeat a grade level as other students.

While one in five white students takes calculus in high school, just one in 15 African-American students does. And African-American students are three times as likely to be taught by first-year teachers as white students are.

There are all kinds of reasons for these educational disparities, some of which are a function of income, residential location, wealth and parents’ education — and all of these are correlated. There are multiple organizations that advocate for more educational equity and for closing the achievement gap. Billions of resources have gone into addressing the challenges that come with closing the achievement gap, but educational inequality is persistent. We need education warriors, people who are committed to fighting the educational inequality with courage and skill.

One of the statistics that bothered me most about the condition of education is the fact that young black people start out behind when they get to kindergarten. Home literacy is an issue. Ninety-one percent of white children who are not enrolled in preschool are read to at least three times a week by family members, compared to 78 percent of African- American students.

Some say this gap in home literacy is among the factors in producing the word gap, which some say may be as large as 30 million words. Some researchers, however, dispute this compilation and its meaning. There is also a racial gap in the availability of books in homes, and African-American youngsters may have less access to libraries.

Where are the literacy warriors who would read to the children who are experiencing gaps? Where are the ones who will ensure that libraries in some communities are adequately stocked? Are there warriors who will give children books to take home, warriors who will fight to expand the offerings of our nation’s public schools?

We need literacy warriors. These should not only be teachers in classrooms and parents at home, but preachers, politicians and all others concerned with the achievement gap. We need folks who will fight for literacy with persistence, courage and skill.

We need warriors as fierce as Kunta and Kizzy Kinte, as committed as Mary McCloud Bethune, as passionate as the teachers, black and white, who were paid little or nothing to go South to teach the newly emancipated.

Where are the literacy warriors?

The writer is an economist and author.