BUCKINGHAM - A standing-room-only crowd of more than 400 packed the meeting room, filled the lobby and spilled into the parking lot recently in rural Buckingham County. They had one thing on their minds: Guns.

The vast majority favored a proposal to protect their right to carry firearms, declaring the county a Second Amendment Sanctuary.

Similar scenes have played out across Virginia during recent weeks. Gun owners are descending on local offices to demand that their government leaders establish sanctuaries for gun rights.

The resolutions, promoted heavily by the gun rights group Virginia Citizens Defense League, vary from locaty to locality, but most declare the intention of local officials to oppose any “unconstitutional restrictions” on the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms. In the last two months, more than 100 counties, cities and towns in Virginia have approved such resolutions.

(In December, the Hanover County Board of Supervisors approved a resolution supporting the Second Amendment right to bear arms, while the Henrico County Board of Supervisors sidestepped the sanctuary issue and adopted a resolution stat- ing only that the county would uphold the Virginia and U.S. Constitutions. The Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors has discussed the issue, but has not taken any action.)

The current movement began last year in Illinois and quickly spread to numerous states, including California, Colorado, New Mexico and Florida.

In Virginia, headquarters of the National Rifle Associations, lawmakers in both parties have traditionally supported gun rights. But in recent years, Democrats have backed tighter restrictions on guns.

The Second Amendment Sanctuary movement began after Democrats promising new gun control laws took over both chambers of the state legislature in the Nov. 5 election.

Gun control proposals gained momentum after a shooter killed 12 people and injured four others at a Virginia Beach municipal building in May. But a special legislative session called by Democratic Gov. Ralph S. Northam after the mass shooting failed to produce any new gun control bills when Republicans shut it down after just 90 minutes.

Gun control advocates are now proposing an array of new restrictions, including universal background checks, assault weapon bans and red flag laws that would allow authorities to temporarily take guns away from people deemed dangerous to themselves or others.

One proposal by incoming Senate Majority Leader Dick Saslaw has enflamed gun rights advocates and helped fuel the Second Amendment Sanctuary movement. The bill, as initially proposed, would make it a felony to sell, manufacture, purchase or possess assault weapons and certain magazines. Sen. Saslaw has since said that allowing current owners to keep their weapons “makes sense,” and he expects to amend the bill.

But many see Sen. Saslaw’s bill as the first step down a slippery slope that will end with their guns being taken away.

“We have the right to defend our households and we have the right to defend ourselves — period,” said Jake Eubanks, 35, of Buckingham County, about 75 miles west of Richmond, where officials approved a sanctuary resolution in December.

Darrell Miller, co-director of the Duke Center for Firearms Law, said the sanctuary movement is largely a phenomenon in rural communities, where people have grown up hunting and treasure their guns.

“For whatever reasons, people, especially in these communities, have a deep-seated fear that universal firearm confiscation is just around the corner,” Mr. Miller said.

David Campbell, vice chairman of the Effingham County Board in Illinois, said his county was one of the first in the nation to pass a Second Amendment Sanctuary resolution in April 2018. He said he and a local prosecutor chose the word “sanctuary” as a swipe at Democratic leaders who used the word to describe their refusal to cooperate with federal immigration enforcement in the “sanctuary cities” movement.

“We thought, well, if they can do that, why can’t we make Effingham County a sanctuary for legal, law-abiding gun owners?” Mr. Campbell said.

The movement caught fire, and today, 70 out the 102 counties in Illinois have approved the resolutions, Mr. Campbell said.

“What it’s designed to do is to send a message to our legislators letting them know we are not going to stand for unconstitutional laws being passed like they are trying to do,” Mr. Campbell said.

The two sides differ on how effective such resolutions will be.

In an advisory opinion issued Dec.20, Virginia Attorney General Mark R. Herring called the resolutions “part of an effort by the gun lobby to stoke fear” and said the resolutions “have no legal effect.”

Fourth District Congressman A. Donald McEachin of Richmond told the Washington Examiner that Gov. Northam could cut off state funds to counties that don’t comply with new gun control laws and could even call in the National Guard to enforce the laws, if necessary.

Gov. Northam’s spokeswoman, Alena Yarmosky, said the governor has “absolutely no plans to call in the National Guard.”

Gov. Northam said he’s not “looking for retaliation” against localities that pass the resolutions and is confident that local law enforcement agents “will continue to enforce constitutional laws.” He said Virginians made it clear after the Virginia Beach massacre that they support new gun restrictions.

“Virginians spoke after that mass tragedy. They spoke on Nov. 5, and they basically said, ‘Enough is enough,’ ” Gov. Northam said.

But Philip Van Cleave, president of the Virginia Citizens Defense League, said the resolutions will have teeth if local sheriffs and prosecutors agree to refuse to arrest or prosecute people who break new laws they believe violate the Second Amendment.

“The counties are saying this stuff is unconstitutional. We don’t want it, we don’t want to enforce it, and in most cases, we won’t enforce it,” he said.

One Virginia sheriff has vowed to deputize thousands of county residents “to protect their constitutional right to own firearms.”

“Every Sheriff and Commonwealth Attorney in Virginia will see the consequences if our General Assembly passes further unnecessary gun restrictions,” Culpeper County Sheriff Scott Jenkins wrote on Facebook.

At the Buckingham County meeting, local resident Marie Flowers was one of the few who opposed the sanctuary proposal. Ms. Flowers said she believes the NRA has sold the “John Wayne syndrome” to gun rights activists.

“Nobody’s freedom is being taken away except for these people who are being murdered,” she said.