CHARLOTTE, N.C. - JPMorgan Chase announced last week that it will extend billions in loans to Black and Latino homebuyers and small business owners in an expanded effort toward fixing what the bank calls “systemic racism’” in the country’s economic system.

The New York bank announced Oct. 8 that it is committing $30 billion over the next five years toward programs that include earmarking more money for getting Black and Latino families into homeownership and providing additional financing to build affordable rental housing units.

“Systemic racism is a tragic part of America’s history,” Jamie Dimon, chief executive officer of JPMorgan Chase, said in a statement. “We can do more and do better to break down systems that have propagated racism and widespread economic inequality.”

In the immediate aftermath of the police killing of George Floyd, JPMorgan announced a commitment of $1.75 billion toward programs it said would help address racial inequalities. But since then, as protests have remained constant in some urban centers, there has been a push for banks to do more. Citigroup announced last month it is committing $1 bil- lion toward closing “the racial wealth gap” in the United States, including $550 million toward homeownership programs for racial minorities.

JPMorgan, which has $3.2 trillion in assets, said it expects the $30 billion to help finance 40,000 additional mortgages for Black and Latino households, another 20,000 loans that will refinance mortgages and help construct 100,000 affordable rental units. Additional funds will go to finance 15,000 small business loans to Black and Latino-owned businesses.

There also will be programs to place 1 million customers in low-cost checking and savings accounts, partly by opening new branches in minority-majority neighborhoods.

Black households are several times more likely to be what is known as unbanked, meaning they do not have a primary checking account with a traditional bank, or underbanked, where households still rely on high-cost financial services like check cashing, pawn shops and payday loans.

American banking still has along way to go to fix the problems of the past. Banks large and small are still regularly cited for discriminatory practices, including allegations of “redlining” Black homebuyers. Redlining is a practice in which banks deny or avoid providing credit services to consumers because of racial demographics or the neighborhood where they live.

Ed Golding, the executive director of the MIT Golub Center for Finance Policy, said JPMorgan’s investment is impressive but narrowing the gap requires more fundamental changes to the financial system. He noted that there’s a 30 percent gap between Black and white homeownership, amounting to about 4.5 million households. JPMorgan’s investment would go to a fraction of those.

“We are not going to do it overnight,” said Mr. Golding, who served as the head of the Federal Housing Administration under the Obama administration. “I applaud the energy and the direction, but it’s going to take massive government policy changes to really move the needle and make up for hundreds of years of systemic racism.”

According to a recent study that Mr. Golding co-authored, African-Americans on average pay higher mortgage interest payments, insurance premiums and property taxes than white families, adding an average of $67,320 to their homeownership costs. The study said Black families are disadvantaged by a risk-based pricing system, which charges higher mortgage rates for lower down payments and credit scores. Mr. Golding called for a system that would pool risk among borrowers.

The Black Lives Matter protests have pushed dozens of companies to announce initiatives and policies to fight racial inequities, from pledges to bring more African-Americans into leadership roles, to new investments intended to promote Black-owned businesses.

JPMorgan was one of 27 major New York-based companies that joined a program to recruit 100,000 workers from the city’s low-income, predominately Black, Latino and Asian communities over the next 10 years. Mastercard announced a $500 million investment last month in Black communities, including providing Black-owned businesses access to affordable capital. IBM is investing $100 million in technology education at historically Black universities.

Dr. Stephanie Creary, an assistant professor of management at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, said many of the programs appear promising because they are strategically targeted.

“That’s when I get excited is when it’s targeted toward something very concrete and that they are not just throwing money at the problem and hoping that people on the other side will figure out what to do with it,” said Dr. Creary, who researches diversity and inclusion issues.

But she said the question remains whether companies will continue investing in minority communities at this scale beyond this year.

“We’ve never seen this type of corporate response before and it feels a little hard to trust that it’s going to be long-term,” Dr. Creary said. “It feels like a window of opportunity, and right now, corporations are paying attention. But one would hope that it becomes an annual moment.”